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Cables and wires designed for low-temperature environments of -196°C (77 K, the temperature of liquid nitrogen) are classified as cryogenic cables. These special cables utilize advanced materials that retain flexibility, insulation properties, and structural integrity without becoming brittle or cracking at extreme cold.
Key Materials and Construction
- Insulation/Jacket Materials: Fluoropolymers such as PFA (Perfluoroalkoxy), PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene), and FEP (Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene) are favored for their ability to maintain flexibility and dielectric properties down to -200°C. Polyimide (Kapton/PI) is also used for thin-wall medical or sensor wires.
- Conductors: Often consist of high-purity copper, silver, or specific alloys such as phosphor bronze or manganin to minimize heat conductivity while maintaining electrical conductivity.
- Composite Structures: Often involve layering polymers with braided fabrics and utilizing inner/outer helical metal wires (stainless steel) for mechanical strength.
- Superconducting Cables: For extreme efficiency, HTS (High-Temperature Superconductor) cables are designed to operate within liquid nitrogen, providing zero electrical resistance.
Special Wire Types for Cryogenic Use
- Cryogenic Coaxial Cables: Used in microwave signal transmission, often featuring stainless steel or copper conductors and PTFE insulation, rated for -270°C to +600°C.
- Ribbon Cables: Used for space-saving, often with polyimide insulation, flexible at 77 K (-196°C).
- Sensor Leads: Phosphor bronze or manganin wire with polyimide insulation used in scientific instruments (e.g., Lake Shore cryogenic wire).
- Composite Hoses/Cables: Specialized composite hoses, such as those made by Trelleborg or Dunlop, can carry liquid nitrogen and incorporate monitoring systems.
Applications
These cables are critical in industries where liquid nitrogen or liquid helium is used:
- Space Exploration: Fueling systems (liquid oxygen/hydrogen).
- Quantum Computing: Signal transfer in cryostats.
- Medical Imaging: MRI superconducting magnets.
- Energy Transmission: HTS power cables.
Companies specializing in such materials include Alpha 3 Manufacturing, CITCable, Keycom, and Lake Shore.
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Web results
Extremely Low Temperature Cable Manufacturer
CITCable
https://www.citcable.com › Customized Special Cable
CITCable
https://www.citcable.com › Customized Special Cable
CITCABLE offers the original types and a wide range of new TPI Wire Types for use in Cryogenic engineering. Low temperature -196℃, -272℃. Inquire Now.Read more
cold temperature cable applications
Amphenol TPC Wire & Cable
https://www.tpcwire.com › applications › cold-temperat...
Amphenol TPC Wire & Cable
https://www.tpcwire.com › applications › cold-temperat...
The Chem-Gard® family of chemical-resistant electrical cable products are rated for temperatures as low as -60°C and features both power and and control sizes ...Read more
Missing: 196 composite
Cold Temperature Cables: Extreme Weather Cables
Philatron Wire and Cable
https://philatron.com › cable › cold-temperature-cable
Philatron Wire and Cable
https://philatron.com › cable › cold-temperature-cable
Cold Temperature Cables & Wires made in the USA. Low Temperature Cables manufactured to withstand extreme weather conditions ranging from +105°C to -60°C, ...
Missing: negative 196 degrees composite
OKONITE CABLES
The Okonite Company
https://www.okonite.com › files › OSC_Revised
The Okonite Company
https://www.okonite.com › files › OSC_Revised
PDF
Jacket: A low temperature, sunlight resistant, yellow PVC jacket in ... Negative Wire. Outer. Jacket. Color. Temperature. Range°C. Limits of Error. Nom. Loop.Read more
127 pages
Multi-Conductor Cable for Extreme Temperatures
New England Wire Technologies
https://www.newenglandwire.com › Products
New England Wire Technologies
https://www.newenglandwire.com › Products
It is difficult to provide a generic low temperature limit for complex multi-conductor cable as suitability will depend on thickness, location within the cable ...Read more
Missing: negative 196 degrees composite
WIRE AND CABLE MINIMUM OPERATING ...
Southwire
https://www.southwire.com › medias › 2402-Wir...
Southwire
https://www.southwire.com › medias › 2402-Wir...
PDF
This document is important to understanding the minimum operating temperature and minimum installation temperature. PRODUCT TESTS - COLD BEND AND COLD IMPACT.Read more
Missing: 196 degrees composite
IMCAVI - Special cables - High and low temperature
Imcavi
https://www.imcavi.com › Products › High temperature
Imcavi
https://www.imcavi.com › Products › High temperature
Our range of flexible ETFE, FEP, PFA, PTFE, SILICON equipment wires are suitable for high/low temperature, low smoke, flame retardant and also Halogen free ...Read more
Semi-rigid cables for cryogenic (super low temperature) ...
KEYCOM Corp
https://keycom.co.jp › eproducts › upj › upj2 › page
KEYCOM Corp
https://keycom.co.jp › eproducts › upj › upj2 › page
They are low in heat conductivity, minimizing inflow of the heat from the high-temperature end. Operating frequency is DC-40GHz by default, but available up to ...Read more
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https://www.productinfo.schneider-electric.com › English
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Web results
High Low Temperature Cable
Allied Wire & Cable
https://www.awcwire.com › alpha-essentials › high-low-...
Allied Wire & Cable
https://www.awcwire.com › alpha-essentials › high-low-...
Jacket MaterialPolytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-impregnated Fiberglass. Jacket Thickness0.012. Max. Temp200C. Mil-SpecM16878/4. Requires Quote per FT.Read more
Missing: negative 196 degrees composite
Thermax.pdf
cabletool.net
http://cabletool.net › Thermax › Thermax
cabletool.net
http://cabletool.net › Thermax › Thermax
PDF
Thermax Seamless Wrap PTFE wire insulation and cable jacket offers all the advantages of a tape wrap with the smooth appearance and installation charac-.Read more
142 pages
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