Antimony Trioxide Nanopowders (nATO) are ultrafine particles of

$S{b}_2{O}_3$

with high surface area, primarily used as highly effective flame retardant synergists in plastics, textiles, and paper, boosting halogen-based systems, but also find roles in catalysis, pigments, optical materials, and even ceramics. These nanoparticles offer superior performance to micron-sized powders but raise environmental and health concerns, necessitating careful handling due to potential toxicity, particularly regarding human blood cells and aquatic life.